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Feed-in electricity tariffs have been introduced in Germany to encourage the use of new energy technologies such as wind power, biomass, hydropower, geothermal power and solar photovoltaics. Feed-in tariffs are a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies by providing them a fee (a "tariff") above the retail rate of electricity. The mechanism provides long-term security to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology.〔Policymaker's Guide to Feed-in Tariff Policies, U.S. National Renewable Energy Lab, www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/44849.pdf〕 Technologies such as wind power, for instance, are awarded a lower per-kWh price, while technologies such as solar PV and tidal power are offered a higher price, reflecting higher costs. As of July 2014, feed-in tariffs range from 3.33 ct/kWh (4.4 ¢/kWh) for hydropower facilities over 50 MW to 12.88 ct/kWh (17.3 ¢/kWh) for solar installations on buildings up to 30 kW and 19 ct/kWh (25.5 ¢/kWh) for offshore wind.〔German Energy Blog ( ''German Feed-in Tariffs 2014 (01-07)'' )〕 As of August 2014, a revised Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG 2014, also called EEG 2.0) will enter into force, with some modifications to the feed-in tariffs.〔German Energy Blog ( ''German Feed-in Tariffs 2014 (from 08)'' )〕 The aim is to meet Germany’s renewable energy goals of 40 to 45% of electricity consumption in 2025 and 55% to 60% in 2035. The policy also aims to encourage the development of renewable technologies, reduce external costs, and increase security of energy supply.〔HM Treasury (2006). (''Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change'' ) p. 367.〕 In the first half of 2014, 28.5% of gross electricity production in Germany came from renewable sources.〔German Energy Blog ( ''BDEW: Renewables Account for Record 28.5% of Gross German Electricity Consumption in First Half of 2014'' ), BDEW, () ''Erneuerbare Energien erreichen neuen Rekordwert''〕 The Federal Environment Ministry estimated that renewables were to save 87 million tonnes of carbon dioxide by 2012. The average level of feed-in tariff was €0.0953 per kWh in 2005 (compared to an average cost of displaced energy of €0.047 kWh). In 2004, the total level of reallocated EEG surcharges was €2.4 billion, at a cost per consumer of €0.0056 per kWh (3 per cent of household electricity costs).〔 By 2013, the figure had risen to €20.4 billion.〔German Energy Blog (Some More Figures on German EEG Renewables Generation, Revenues, Surcharge, Payments, and the Special Equalisation Scheme )〕 The tariffs are lowered every year to encourage more efficient production of renewable energy. By 2014, the EEG surcharge - which pays for the additional costs through feed-in tariffs - had increased to 6.24 ct/kWh.〔German Energy Blog (German Renewables Surcharge Increases by 19% to 6.24 ct/kWh in 2014 )〕 As of July 2014, the regular reductions (degressions) were 1.5% per year for electricity from onshore wind and 1% per month for electricity from photovoltaics. The solar sector employed about 56,000 people in 2013, a strong decline from previous years, due to many insolvencies and business closures. Although most of the installed solar panels are nowadays imported from China, the Fraunhofer institute estimates, that only about 30 percent of the EEG apportionment outflows to China, while the rest is still spent domestically. The institute also predicts that Germany's solar manufacturing sector will improve its competitive situation in the future.〔(Facts about solar PV (in German), pages 29-30 )〕 ==Progression of FiTs since 2012== As of July 2014, feed-in tariffs for photovoltaic systems range from 12.88 euro cents per kWh for small roof-top system, down to 8.92 euro cents per kWh for large utility scaled solar parks. Also, FiTs are restricted to PV system with a maximum capacity of 10 megawatts (MW). The feed-in tariff for solar PV is declining at a faster rate than for any other renewable technology.〔(Facts about solar PV (in German) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Feed-in tariffs in Germany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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